You’ve got a Scaleway Digital Personal Server (VPS) and you’re contemplating upgrading your put in Linux distribution. Maybe you’ve been notified by Scaleway to improve an outdated Linux model. The e-mail asks you to improve however doesn’t provide the needed info on improve or keep away from sure pitfalls.
What may go improper if you attempt to improve?
A couple of issues can go improper.
Be careful for Bootscripts
Crucial factor that may go improper, is that if your VPS is utilizing a bootscript. A bootscript is a set manner for booting your Linux server and this included a generic Scaleway-provided Linux kernel. You’ll be operating Ubuntu however the Linux kernel could be a standard Scaleway Linux kernel amongst all Linux distributions. The config choices could be set in stone and that might trigger some points. That state of affairs modified and Scaleway now makes use of the distro Linux kernels. However since Scaleway despatched an e mail about outdated Linux variations, then you should verify this one out.
To confirm, go into the Superior Settings, in Boot Mode. If it seems as follows, then you’re utilizing a bootscript. While you improve the Linux model, then the Linux kernel will keep the identical as instructed by the bootscript. The correct Boot Mode must be “Use native boot” in order that your VPS is utilizing your distro’s Linux kernel. Enjoyable reality #39192: For those who provide Ubuntu to your customers however you don’t use the Ubuntu kernel, then Canonical doesn’t grant you a (free) proper to promote that you’re providing “Ubuntu” as a result of it’s probably not actual Ubuntu (the Linux kernel shouldn’t be a inventory Ubuntu Linux kernel). Since round 2019 Scaleway would default with the Use native boot Boot Mode. In my case it was certainly Use native boot, subsequently I didn’t must take care of bootscripts. I simply clicked on Use bootscript for the needs for this put up; I didn’t apply this transformation.
Confirm that the console works (Serial console, restoration)
You usually hook up with your Linux server utilizing SSH. However what occurs if one thing goes improper and also you lose entry? Particularly, if you’re upgrading your Linux set up? You want a separate manner, a backup possibility, to attach again to the server. That is achieved with the Console. It opens up a browser window that provides you entry to the Linux Console of the server, over the online. It’s separate from SSH, subsequently if SSH entry shouldn’t be accessible however the server continues to be operating, you may nonetheless entry right here. Word that if you improve Debian or Ubuntu over SSH with do-release-upgrade, the upgrader creates a display session which you could detach and fasten at will. For those who lose SSH entry, hook up with the Console and fasten there.
Word two issues.
- The Console in Scaleway doesn’t work on Firefox. Something that’s primarily based on
chromiumought to work tremendous. It isn’t clear why it doesn’t work. For those who attempt to place your mouse cursor on the button, it revealsFirefox shouldn't be at present appropriate with the serial console. - Just remember to know the username and password of your non-root account in your Scaleway server. No, actually. You’ll usually join with SSH and Public-Key Authentication. For what’s price, the account might be locked. Attempt it out now and get a shell.
Watch out for firewalls and safety insurance policies and safety teams
If you end up upgrading the distribution with Debian and Ubuntu, and also you achieve this over SSH, the installer/upgrader will inform you that it’s going to open a backup SSH server on a distinct port, like 1022. It’s going to additionally inform you to open that port, in case you use a Linux firewall in your server. For those who plan to maintain that as a backup possibility, word that Scaleway has a facility known as Safety Teams that works like a worldwide firewall of your Scaleway servers. That’s, you may block entry to sure ports in case you specify them within the Safety Group, and you’ve got assigned these Scaleway servers in that Safety Group.
Subsequently, in case you plan to depend on entry to port 1022, ensure that the Safety Group doesn’t block it.
Tips on how to keep away from having issues go improper?
While you improve a Linux distribution, you’re requested all form of questions alongside the best way. Almost certainly, the upgrader will ask if you wish to preserve again a sure configuration file, or if you wish to have it changed by the newer model.
In case you are upgrading your Ubuntu server, you’ll set up the ubuntu-release-upgrader-core bundle after which run do-release-upgrade.
$ sudo apt set up ubuntu-release-upgrader-core ... $ sudo do-release-upgrade ...
To keep away from making a mistake right here, you may launch a brand new Scaleway server with that outdated Linux distro model and carry out an improve there. By doing so, you’ll word that you can be requested
- whether or not to maintain your outdated SSH configuration or set up a brand new one. Set up the brand new one and make an observation to use later any modifications from the outdated configuration.
- whether or not to be requested particularly which providers to restart or let the system do these mechanically. You’ll contemplate this if the server offers with a whole lot of visitors.
- whether or not to maintain or set up the brand new configuration for the Net server. Almost certainly you retain the outdated configuration. Or your Net servers won’t begin mechanically and you should repair the configuration recordsdata manually.
- whether or not you need to preserve or replace grub. AFAIK, grub shouldn’t be used right here, so the reply doesn’t matter.
- whether or not you need to improve to the snap bundle of LXD. For those who use LXD, it’s best to have switched already to the snap bundle of LXD so that you’re not requested right here. If you don’t use LXD, then earlier than the improve it’s best to uninstall LXD (the DEB model) in order that the improve doesn’t set up the snap bundle of LXD. If the installer decides that it’s essential to improve LXD, you can not choose to skip it; you’ll get the snap bundle of LXD.
Listed here are some related screenshots.
Troubleshooting
You’ve got upgraded your server however your WordPress web site doesn’t begin. Why? Right here’s a screenshot.
A WordPress web site requires PHP and usually the PHP bundle ought to replace mechanically. It truly does replace mechanically. The issue is with the Unix socket for PHP. The Net server (NGINX in our case) wants entry to the Unix socket of PHP. In Ubuntu the Unix socket seems like /run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock.
| Ubuntu model Filename for the PHP Unix socket | |
| Ubuntu 16.04 /run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock | |
| Ubuntu 18.04 /run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock | |
| Ubuntu 20.04 /run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock |
Subsequently, you should open the configuration file for every of your web sites and edit the PHP socket listing with the up to date filename for the PHP Unix socket. Right here is the corrected snippet for Ubuntu 20.04.
# go the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ .php$ {
embrace snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
#
# # With php7.0-cgi alone:
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# With php7.0-fpm:
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
}
A request
Scaleway, if you’re studying this, please take a look at this characteristic request.
