Linux programs use quite a few file system varieties – comparable to Ext, Ext2, Ext3, Ext4, JFS, XFS, ZFS, XFS, ReiserFS and btrfs. Happily, there are a variety of instructions that may have a look at your file programs and report on the kind of every of them. This put up covers seven methods to show this info.
To start, the file system varieties which might be used on Linux programs are described under.
File system varieties
Ext4 is the fourth technology of the ext file system, launched in 2008 and just about the default since 2010. It helps file programs as massive as 16 terabytes. It additionally helps limitless subdirectories the place ext3 solely helps 32,000. But it’s backward suitable with each ext3 and ext2, thus permitting them to be mounted with the identical driver. Ext4 can be very steady, extensively supported and suitable with stable state drives.
JFS is a journaling file system (thus the identify) developed by IBM for AIX Unix. It permits for fast file system restoration after a crash by logging file metadata.
XFS is at present the default file system in Crimson Hat Enterprise Linux. Because of the approach it lays out recordsdata as extents, it’s much less susceptible to fragmentation than ext4.
ZFS is a file system that started life as a part of Solar Microsystems’ Solaris OS. It offers strong information restore options and excessive storage capability and is nice for large-scale information storage.
ReiserFS is a substitute for the ext3 file system, however with higher efficiency and a few superior options.
Btrfs (which stands for “B-tree file system”) is a file system that prioritizes information integrity, fault tolerance and simple administration. It helps superior options like snapshots, built-in RAID, and copy-on-write.
Vfat is a file system sort that comprises the bootloader. It’s generally known as the “boot partition”.
Tmpfs is a file system sort which retains all of its recordsdata in digital reminiscence.
You’re unlikely to see greater than a handful of those on most Linux programs.
Instructions that show file system varieties
There are various methods to find out file system varieties on Linux. This part covers six totally different instructions and one system file. The small print supplied by the instructions usually rely upon choices used and a few require sudo privileges.
Utilizing the lsblk command
The lsblk command offers particulars on specified block gadgets. With no choices, you will note one thing like this:
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 14.9G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 600M 0 half /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 half /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 13.3G 0 half /dwelling
/
zram0 252:0 0 3.7G 0 disk [SWAP]
As you may see, it offers partition names (e.g., sda1), main and minor gadget numbers (the most important quantity is the bigger, extra generic class), RM (detachable or not), the scale, sort (disk or partition) and the mount level. An RM of 0 signifies the disk or partition just isn’t detachable.
Within the command under, the choices used particularly request that the file system sort (FSTYPE) be included.
$ lsblk -o PATH,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda PATH FSTYPE MOUNTPOINT /dev/sda /dev/sda1 vfat /boot/efi /dev/sda2 ext4 /boot /dev/sda3 btrfs /dwelling
The lsblk command with the -f choice contains file system model info, the UUIDs and each out there and used house.
$ lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
sda
├─sda1 vfat FAT32 6E4A-5BD5 581.4M 3% /boot/efi
├─sda2 ext4 1.0 444b22ab-9206-4f97-b1c3-b8832d294401 609.4M 30% /boot
└─sda3 btrfs fedora_localhost-live d961ea75-eaa0-425a-b378-fe2bc7e3a9ce 8.5G 32% /dwelling
/
zram0 [SWAP]
Utilizing the blkid command
The blkid command requires the usage of sudo privilege and provides info like that proven under together with the partition names, UUIDs, block measurement, file system sort and PARTUUID (uncooked bodily storage partition UUID).
$ sudo blkid [sudo] password for fedora: /dev/sda2: UUID="444b22ab-9206-4f97-b1c3-b8832d294401" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="344a7c0d-2aa0-44c1-8d49-2ea763659119" /dev/sda3: LABEL="fedora_localhost-live" UUID="d961ea75-eaa0-425a-b378-fe2bc7e3a9ce" UUID_SUB="61a2f8bf-8cec-4bbc-b426-cb1aa226d027" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="btrfs" PARTUUID="98d3521c-18b9-45e0-a5b2-b817323f8e89" /dev/sda1: UUID="6E4A-5BD5" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="EFI System Partition" PARTUUID="371effc8-5c7b-4838-9d9e-ee22d9d7ab55" /dev/zram0: LABEL="zram0" UUID="1f5a53e0-6657-447b-958d-86e84482d829" TYPE="swap"
Utilizing the df command
The df command with the -T choice will show particulars for file programs within the format proven under.
$ df -T Filesystem Sort 1K-blocks Used Out there Use% Mounted on devtmpfs devtmpfs 4096 0 4096 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1934144 0 1934144 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 773660 1596 772064 1% /run /dev/sda3 btrfs 13974528 4447900 8879700 34% / tmpfs tmpfs 1934148 16 1934132 1% /tmp /dev/sda3 btrfs 13974528 4447900 8879700 34% /dwelling /dev/sda2 ext4 996780 303944 624024 33% /boot /dev/sda1 vfat 613160 17780 595380 3% /boot/efi tmpfs tmpfs 386828 124 386704 1% /run/consumer/1000
Including the -H choice alters the numbers use to make them extra human-friendly.
$ df -Th Filesystem Sort Dimension Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs devtmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 756M 1.6M 754M 1% /run /dev/sda3 btrfs 14G 4.3G 8.5G 34% / tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 16K 1.9G 1% /tmp /dev/sda3 btrfs 14G 4.3G 8.5G 34% /dwelling /dev/sda2 ext4 974M 297M 610M 33% /boot /dev/sda1 vfat 599M 18M 582M 3% /boot/efi tmpfs tmpfs 378M 124K 378M 1% /run/consumer/1000
Utilizing the mount command
The mount command shows file system varieties together with quite a lot of extra info. The command under ensures that solely particulars about disk gadgets are included within the output.
$ mount | grep ^/dev /dev/sda3 on / sort btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=257,subvol=/root) /dev/sda3 on /dwelling sort btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=256,subvol=/dwelling) /dev/sda2 on /boot sort ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel) /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi sort vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro)
Utilizing fsck
The fsck command with the -N choice will show file system varieties with out performing a file system verify because the command usually would.
$ fsck -N /dev/sda1 fsck from util-linux 2.38.1 [/usr/sbin/fsck.vfat (1) -- /boot/efi] fsck.vfat /dev/sda1 $ fsck -N /dev/sda3 fsck from util-linux 2.38.1 [/usr/sbin/fsck.btrfs (1) -- /] fsck.btrfs /dev/sda3
Utilizing the file command
The file command as proven under will show the file system sort together with the gadget label, sector measurement and different particulars.
$ sudo file -sL /dev/sda3 /dev/sda3: BTRFS Filesystem label "fedora_localhost-live", sectorsize 4096, nodesize 16384, leafsize 16384, UUID=d961ea75-eaa0-425a-b378-fe2bc7e3a9ce, 4340412416/14309916672 bytes used, 1 gadgets
Analyzing /and so on/fstab
It’s also possible to retrieve info on file system varieties by wanting on the /and so on/fstab file.
$ cat /and so on/fstab # # /and so on/fstab # Created by anaconda on Sat Jan 28 20:15:39 2023 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained below '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more information. # # After modifying this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to replace systemd # models generated from this file. # UUID=d961ea75-eaa0-425a-b378-fe2bc7e3a9ce / btrfs subvol=root,compress=zstd:1 0 0 UUID=444b22ab-9206-4f97-b1c3-b8832d294401 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 UUID=6E4A-5BD5 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2 UUID=d961ea75-eaa0-425a-b378-fe2bc7e3a9ce /dwelling btrfs subvol=dwelling,compress=zstd:1 0
A neater choice can be to make use of a command like what’s proven under and restrict the output to simply the mount level and file system varieties.
$ cat /and so on/fstab | grep -v ^# | awk ‘{print $2,$3}’
/ btrfs
/boot ext4
/boot/efi vfat
/dwelling btrfs
Wrap-up
There are such a lot of Linux instructions prepared to offer particulars on file system varieties that selecting a favourite or two and setting them up as aliases could be a good suggestion!
Copyright © 2023 IDG Communications, Inc.
